日本为降成本强推核污染水排海 引学者批驳→
<p class="otitle">（原标题：日本为降成本强推核污染水排海 引学者批驳→）</p>
<p>据日本福岛当地媒体6月9日报道，东京电力公司发布消息称，福岛第一核电站核污染水排海工程陆地上排放设施将于本周内完工，本月12日起将进行试运行。</p>
<p>日本政府曾提五种方案处理核污染水</p>
<p>舆论各界坚决反对日本政府的排污入海计划，其中一个原因是处置核污染水并不是没有其他的办法，而且其他办法可能更有效，更能减少污染。 据了解，此前日本政府曾提出5种方案，其中排入大海成本最低。</p>
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<p>目前，福岛第一核电站核污染水全部储存在核电站的储存罐内，对于如何处理这些核污染水，日本政府此前曾提出了5种方案：排入海里、变成水蒸气排入大气、沿着地下管道排入地底深处、电解处理，以及将其固态化埋入地底。</p>
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<p>在这5种方案中，将核污染水排入海里是成本最低的，预估需要17亿到34亿日元，约合人民币1.02亿到2.03亿元；而最昂贵的办法是将其固态化埋入地底，预估其成本是排放入海的几十倍甚至上百倍。</p>
<p>此前，东电公司曾表示，经过净化处理，核污染水当中的绝大部分放射性物质都可以清除，但是放射性物质“氚”没有办法清除。</p>
<p>鉴于日本政府和东电公司在核事故处理和污染物排放方面曾有隐瞒行为，核污染水入海可能对周边海洋生态环境和渔业资源产生的负面影响引发普遍担忧。</p>
<p>排污入海成本最低 却危害深远</p>
<p>日本政府和东电公司一直宣称排放的是处理水，是安全的，真实情况是这样吗？多位日本学者都曾进行了针锋相对的批驳。</p>
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<p><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">日本福岛大学教授 柴崎直明：</strong>就算是处理过的水，还是含有超出标准的放射性物质，有些只超标一点，有些可能含有超标百倍以上的高浓度放射性物质。</p>
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<p><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">日本福岛大学教授 小山良太：</strong>如果排放核污染水，我认为肯定存在问题。</p>
<p>专家表示，日本科学界和民间团体先后向日本政府和东京电力公司提出多种更为合理的方案，但都未得到重视。</p>
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<p><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">日本化学工程师 日本原子力市民委员会委员 川井康郎：</strong>可以在地下挖出混凝土坑，然后对核污染水进行砂浆固化作业。砂浆被放在混凝土坑里，会随着时间的推移变硬，不再有流动性。但绝对不能把它放到海洋中，砂浆固化后放射性会在几百或几千年后衰减，几乎是无害的，这是一个非常好的想法。</p>
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<p>除了砂浆固化方案，原子力市民委员会还曾向东电提出其他方案，比如增设储罐，继续存放核污染水等。但日本政府对更具可行性的核污染水处理方案置之不理，而选择了成本最低、危害最大的排海方案，这种做法是极不负责任的。</p>
<p><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">日本化学工程师 日本原子力市民委员会委员 川井康郎：</strong>核污染水排海是对海洋的污染，不仅仅是氚，还有各种核物质都会流入大海。如果它们流入大海，将富集在鱼或海藻中，危害人类的健康。</p>
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